A network node is any physical or virtual device that connects to a network and is capable of sending, receiving, or forwarding data. Nodes serve as communication points within a network and can include computers, servers, routers, switches, and IoT devices.

In a simple home network, a laptop and a smartphone are both nodes. In a complex enterprise network, nodes may include data centers, cloud services, and networking hardware that manage and route traffic efficiently. Each node has a unique network address, such as an IP address or MAC address, to facilitate communication between devices.

Common Use Cases:

• Internet Communication: Websites, cloud services, and connected devices function as nodes.
• Data Transmission: Nodes exchange information across local and wide-area networks (LAN & WAN).
• Network Infrastructure: Routers and switches act as nodes that direct traffic.
• Distributed Computing: Blockchain and peer-to-peer networks rely on multiple nodes for decentralization.

Key Characteristics:

• Can Be Physical or Virtual: Includes hardware devices and cloud-based systems.
• Identified by Unique Addresses: Uses IP or MAC addresses for communication.
• Facilitates Data Exchange: Enables the transmission and routing of network packets.
• Part of Different Network Types: Exists in wired, wireless, cloud, and hybrid networks.